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October 6, 2017

Particles and Conjunctions

More Japanese particles with examples

In lesson 1 we looked at the particles は ha 、が ga 、を o 、に ni 、で de 、and へ he .  Now let's look at some more fun grammatical markers!

から kara - from (a starting point in time or place)

PLACE:

アメリカ から きました。
amerika kara kimashita.
(I) came from America .

TIME:

8時 から 始めましょう .
hachi ji kara hajimemashou .
Let's start at (from) 8 O'clock .



まで made - until, through, as far as

TIME:

私は7時から8時 まで 日本語を勉強します。
watashi wa shichi ji kara hachi ji made nihongo wo benkyou shimasu.
I study Japanese from seven until eight.

PLACE:

ここから東京 まで 30分かかりました。
koko kara toukyou made sanjuu pun kakarimashita.
From here to Tokyo, it took 30 minutes.



no - 's, of (possessive)

私の 本です。
watashi no hon desu.
(it's) my book.

アメリカ の フロリダ州から来ました。
amerika no furorida shuu kara kimashita.
(I) came from America 's Florida state. (I came from Florida , America.)


とか toka - and, or... etc. (used in lists of two or more things and then "etc.")

学校で英語 とか フランス語 とか ドイツ語などを勉強しました。
gakkou de eigo toka furansu go toka doitsu go nado wo benkyou shimashita.
In school, I studied English, and French, and German...

何か飲む? お茶 とか コーラ とか 。。。
nanika nomu? ocha toka kora toka ...
Wanna drink something?  Tea... or Coke ... or ...


ya - and... etc. (used in lists of 2 or more nouns and then the list continues)

お茶 や コーヒーがあ る。
ocha ya ko-hi- ga aru.
(We) have tea and coffee ...


も mo - also, too

私 も 熊のプーさんが好き。
watashi mo kuma no pu-san ga suki.
I like Winnie the Pooh too !

ドイツ語 も 話せる。
doitsu go mo hanaseru.
I can also speak German.


ga - but


熊のプーさんが 好きです が ドラえもんは あまり 好き じゃない。
kuma no pu-san ga suki desu ga ,  Doraemon wa amari suki ja nai.
I like Winnie the Pooh but I don't like Doraemon too much.

NOTE: The first ga in the above example is the subject marker

毎日練習します が 。。。
mainichi renshuu shimasu ga ...
Everyday I practice but ...



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