Time Phrases:
- さっき sakki – a while ago
EXAMPLE さっきのことはありがとう。 sakki no koto wa arigatou. Thank you for what you did a while ago.
- 先ほど sakihodo – a little while ago
EXAMPLE 先ほどいらっしゃいました。 sakihodo irasshaimashita. (he) came a little while ago.
- たったいま tattaima – just, just now
- たまに tamani – occasionally, sometimes
EXAMPLE たまに東京へ行く。 tama ni toukyou he iku. I go to Tokyo sometimes.
- まさに masani – just, very, be about to…
- 結局 kekkyoku – in the end, after all
結局、恋人になりました。kekkyoku, koibito ni narimashita. In the end, they became girlfriend / boyfriend.
- たいてい taitei – usually, always, most
- いつでも itsudemo – anytime, always
EXAMPLE いつでも来て下さい。 itsudemo kitte kudasai. Please come anytime.
- きまって kimatte – always
- ずっと zutto – all the time, all the way, far
EXAMPLE 彼はずっとテレビを見た。 kare wa zutto terebi wo mita. He watched TV for a long time.
- いつか itsuka – some time, someday
EXAMPLE いつか、月へ行きたい。itsuka, tsuki he ikitai. Someday I want to go to the Moon.
- しばらく shibaraku – for a while
EXAMPLE しばらくお待ち下さい。 shibaraku omachi kudasai. Please wait a little while.
- そろそろ sorosoro – soon
EXAMPLE そろそろ 始めましょう sorosoro hajimemashou. Let’s begin soon.
- とっくに tokkuni – already, long ago
- このごろ konogoro – these days
- いまごろ imagoro – about this time
EXAMPLE あしたの いまごろ ashita no imagoro – tomorrow about this time
At this Time:
- さきに sakini – before ~ do this, ahead
- さいしょに saisho ni – in the beginning, firstly
EXAMPLE 最初に食べましょう。 saisho ni tabemashou. Let’s eat first.
- さいごに saigo ni – in the end, lastly
EXAMPLE 最後に なりました。 saigo ni narimashita. The end has come.
- いまだに imadani – still, even now
Descriptive Words:
- きちんと kichinto – accurately, exactly
- ちゃんと chanto – correctly, neatly
- ぴったり pittari – exactly, perfect
- はっきり hakkiri – clear, clearly
- ぎりぎり girigiri – just in time, just barely… MORE…
EXAMPLE ぎりぎり逃げた。 girigiri nigeta. (I) just barely escaped.
- いっしょうけんめい isshoukenmei – with all of one’s might, as best as one can do
- 自由に jyuu ni – freely
EXAMPLE 自由に座って下さい。jiyuu ni suwatte kudasai. Please feel free to take a seat. (choose any seat freely)
- ちょくせつ chokusetsu – directly
EXAMPLE ちょくせつ言う。choku setsu iu. (I) will speak directly.
- 急に (きゅうに) kyuuni – suddenly
- にくい nikui – difficult
EXAMPLEこのパンは食べにくいです。 kono pan wa tabe nikui desu. This bread is hard to eat.
- やすい yasui – easy
EXAMPLE コーラは飲みやすいです。 kora wa nomi yasui desu. Cola is easy to drink.
- 全く mattaku – really, quite, completely
EXAMPLE 全く同じ mattaku onaji. (It’s) exactly the same
- たいがい taigai – most, mostly
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Degree of…:
- ずいぶん zuibun – very, a lot
- かなり kanari – fairly, pretty
- 結構 kekkou – fairly, pretty ~
EXAMPLE 結構上手ですね。 kekkou jouzu desu ne. (he’s) pretty good (at something)!
- もっと motto – more
- できるだけ dekiru dake – as much as possible, as much as one can do
EXAMPLE できるだけ、 早く帰ってね。 dekiru dake hayaku kaette ne. Come back as soon as possible.
- ちっとも chittomo – (not) at all
- ほとんど hotondo – most, almost, nearly all
EXAMPLE ほとんどのアメリカ人は 日本語ができない。 hotondo no amerika jin wa nihongo ga dekinai. Most Americans can’t speak Japanese.
- あんなに annani – such, like that
- ほど hodo – about some, or so, such
- ~ほど ~ではない ~hodo ~dewanai – not as ~ as ~
Other:
- とにかく tonikaku – anyway, in any case, anyhow
- について nitsuite – About, for
EXAMPLE くまのプーさんについて 話しましょう。 kuma no pu-san nitsuite hanashimashou. (Let’s talk ABOUT winnie the Pooh.)
- ため tame – For this reason, for his/her benefit
EXAMPLE 由美のためにプレゼントを買った。 yumi no tame ni purezento o katta. (I bought a present for Yumi.)
- ~ように ~youni – Like this, in this way
EXAMPLE 私のようにして下さい。 watashi no youni shite kudasai. Please do like me.
- まるで marude – just like, quite
- くれぐれも kure guremo – again and again; repeatedly; earnestly
- しても shitemo – even if, if
- らしい rashii – seems, looks as if, they say that ~
EXAMPLE その絵はとてもピカソらしいですね。 sono e wa totemo pikaso rashii desu ne. Isn’t that painting very Picasso-ish?
- とくに tokuni – especially, particularly
EXAMPLE 特に素晴らしいことです。 tokuni subarashii koto desu. It’s an especially wonderful thing!
- はず hazu -should be, must be
EXAMPLE あの店はあるはずです。ano mise wa aru hazu desu. That store should have it.
- その上 sono ue – besides (what’s more…)
- など nado – and so on, etc.
- すなわち sunawachi – that is to say, or
- むしろ mushiro – rather (than)
- しかも shikamo – besides, and yet
Conjunctions
- だが daga – but, though
- (な)のに (na) noni – though, in spite of
EXAMPLE 勉強してのに、いつも失敗。 benkyou shite noni, itsumo shippai. Although I study, I always fail.
- (な)ので (na) node – because, since
EXAMPLE 日本語は難しいので もっと勉強します。 nihongo wa muzukashii node motto benkyou shimasu. Because Japanese is difficult, I will study more.
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