なくてはならない must; have to 明日(あした)までに借金(しゃっきん)を返(かえ)さなくてはならない。 Click for and English tomorrow | by | debt | (direct object marker)

Matsuo Basho (1644-1694) is undoubtedly the most famous of the classical haiku poets. His mastery of haiku and

なくてもいい need not; don’t have to 今日(きょう)は、日曜日(にちようび)なので学校(がっこう)に行(い)かなくてもいいです。 Click for and English today | as for | Sunday |

For upper beginners to intermediates. Listen to the short podcast and then answer the comprehension questions below. セントオーガスティンの旅その一

When learning Japanese, you'll often come across situations where you want to express the idea of "a little,"

~てくれる please do; do something (for me) 日本語(にほんご)を教(きょう)えてくれてありがとうございます。 Click for and English Japanese language | direct object marker