JLPT N5 Grammar Adjectives

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June 28, 2021

JLPT N5 Grammar: Adjectives: Special Forms

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Special Forms

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In English, adjectives are not conjugated. Delicious is delicious. But in Japanese, おいしい (delicious) can be:

■ おいしい delicious (non-past; non-negative)
  9 すしは、おいしいです。 The sushi is delicious.

■ おいしくない not delicious (negative)
  9 すしは、おいしくないです。 The sushi is not delicious.

■ おいしかった was delicious (past)
  9 すしは、おいしかったです。 The sushi was delicious.

■ おいしくなかった was not delicious (past negative)
  9 すしは、おいしくなかったです。 The sushi was not delicious.

■ おいしくて delicious (て form)
  9 すしは、おいしくて安(やす)いです。 The sushi is delicious and inexpensive.

■ おいしく deliciously (adverb)
  9 すしは、おいしく食(た)べました。 (He) enjoyed eating the sushi. [He ate in a way that showed it was delicious]

■ おいしければ if delicious (conditional)
  9 すしは、おいしければ、食(た)べます。 If the sushi is delicious, (I'll) eat it.


Examples:

Look at the following charts to see examples of the last three forms (て form, adverb, and conditional) for both い and な adjectives.

■ い adjectives: あつい hot | 安(やす)い cheap | はやい fast; early

て form

Adverb

Conditional (if)

暑(あつ)くて
hot and

暑(あつ)く
hot(ly)

暑(あつ)ければ
if hot

安(やす)くて
cheap and

安(やす)く
cheaply

安(やす)ければ
if cheap

速(はや)くて
fast and

速(はや)く
quickly

速(はや)ければ
if fast

■ な adjectives: へん strange | 簡単(かんたん) easy | 静(しず)か quiet

て form

Adverb

Conditional (if)

へんで
strange and

へんに
strangely

へんなら
if strange

簡単(かんたん)で
easy and

簡単(かんたん)に
easily

簡単(かんたん)なら
if easy

静(しず)かで
quiet and

静(しず)かに
quietly

静(しず)かなら
if quiet




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