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June 28, 2021

JLPT N5 Grammar: Adjectives: Special Forms

Special Forms


 ABOUT: 

In English, adjectives are not conjugated. Delicious is delicious. But in Japanese, おいしい (delicious) can be:

■ おいし delicious (non-past; non-negative)
  9 すしは、おいしです。 The sushi is delicious.

■ おいしくない not delicious (negative)
  9 すしは、おいしくないです。 The sushi is not delicious.

■ おいしかった was delicious (past)
  9 すしは、おいしかったです。 The sushi was delicious.

■ おいしくなかった was not delicious (past negative)
  9 すしは、おいしくなかったです。 The sushi was not delicious.

■ おいしくて delicious (て form)
  9 すしは、おいしくて(やす)いです。 The sushi is delicious and inexpensive.

■ おいし deliciously (adverb)
  9 すしは、おいし()べました。 (He) enjoyed eating the sushi. [He ate in a way that showed it was delicious]

■ おいしければ if delicious (conditional)
  9 すしは、おいしければ()べます。 If the sushi is delicious, (I'll) eat it.


Examples:

Look at the following charts to see examples of the last three forms (て form, adverb, and conditional) for both い and な adjectives.

adjectives: あつい hot | (やす)い cheap | はやい fast; early

て form

Adverb

Conditional (if)

(あつ)くて
hot and

(あつ)
hot(ly)

(あつ)ければ
if hot

(やす)くて
cheap and

(やす)
cheaply

(やす)ければ
if cheap

(はや)くて
fast and

(はや)
quickly

(はや)ければ
if fast

adjectives: へん strange | 簡単(かんたん) easy | (しず)か quiet

て form

Adverb

Conditional (if)

へん
strange and

へん
strangely

へんなら
if strange

簡単(かんたん)
easy and

簡単(かんたん)
easily

簡単(かんたん)なら
if easy

(しず)
quiet and

(しず)
quietly

(しず)なら
if quiet





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